They are easily noticeable due to their green to gray skin, lupine ears, lower canines resembling boar tusks, and their muscular builds. Orcs are carnivorous humanoids, standing approximately 5'11" to 6'2", weighing from 180 to 280 lbs. Orcs are given further detail and are available as a Player Character race in the supplement Volo's Guide to Monsters. The orc appears in the Monster Manual for this edition (2014). The orc appears in the Monster Manual for this edition (2008), and is also presented as an optional player character race. Dungeons & Dragons 4th edition (2008–2014) The scro of the Spelljammer setting return in Dragon #339 (January 2006). The sharakim are a race of orcs that were transformed from humans, and appeared as a player character race in Races of Destiny (2004). The frostblood orcs appear in Dragon Magic (2006). The orc battle priest, the orc berserker, and the war howler orc are introduced in the Monster Manual IV (2006). The orc snow shaman appeared in Frostburn: Mastering the Perils of Ice and Snow (2004). The aquatic orc, the arctic orc, the desert orc, the jungle orc, the orc paragon, and the water orc were all introduced in Unearthed Arcana (2004). The orc appears in the revised Monster Manual for this edition (2003). The mountain orc and orog (deep orc) also presented as player character races in Races of Faerûn.ĭungeons & Dragons 3.5 edition (2003–2007) The gray orc is presented as a player character race for the Forgotten Realms setting in both Races of Faerûn (2003), and Unapproachable East (2003). The orc appears in the Monster Manual for this edition (2000). The Orog for the Birthright campaign setting appeared in the Birthright Campaign Setting set (1995).ĭungeons & Dragons 3.0 edition (2000–2002) These orc variants all then appear in the Monstrous Compendium Annual Volume Three (1996). The black and red neo-orog appear in the Realms' Spellbound boxed set (1995). The ondonti, a version of orcs bred by the goddess Eldath in the Forgotten Realms campaign setting, first appear in the Ruins of Zhentil Keep boxed set (in the Monstrous Compendium booklet) in 1995. The scro is then presented as a player character race for the setting in The Complete Spacefarer's Handbook (1992) and is expanded on a few years later in the first Dragon Annual (1996) in the "Campaign Classics" feature. The scro, a space-faring relative of the orc for the Spelljammer campaign setting first appears in Monstrous Compendium Spelljammer Appendix II (1991), and then in the modules Goblin's Return (1991) and Heart of the Enemy (1992). The orc is later presented as a playable character race again in Player's Option: Skills & Powers (1995). The orc is detailed as a playable character race in The Complete Book of Humanoids (1993). The orc and orog are reprinted in the Monstrous Manual (1993). The orc appears first in the Monstrous Compendium Volume One (1989), which also features the orog, a relative of the orc. Advanced Dungeons & Dragons 2nd edition (1989–1999) The Krugel orcs are presented as a player character race for the Hollow World campaign setting in the Hollow World Boxed Set, in the "Player's Guide" (1990). Orcs were also later featured in the Dungeons & Dragons Game set (1991), the Dungeons & Dragons Rules Cyclopedia (1991), the Classic Dungeons & Dragons Game set (1994), and the Dungeons & Dragons Adventure Game set (1999). The orc was featured as a player character race in The Orcs of Thar (1989). This edition of the D&D game included its own version of the orc, in the Dungeons & Dragons Basic Set (1977, 1981, 1983). In the article "Hey, Wanna Be a Kobold?" by Joseph Clay in Dragon #141 (January 1989), kobolds, xvarts, goblins, and orcs were presented as player character races along with two new character classes the "Shaman" and the "Witch Doctor". Moore's article, "The Half-Orc Point of View". The mythology and attitudes of the orcs are described in detail in Dragon #62 (June 1982), in Roger E. The orc appears in the first edition Monster Manual (1977), where it is described as a fiercely competitive bully, a tribal creature often living underground. Advanced Dungeons & Dragons 1st edition (1977–1988) The orc was one of the first monsters introduced in the earliest edition of the game, in the Dungeons & Dragons "white box" set (1974), where they were described as tribal creatures that live in caves or villages. The D&D orc is largely based upon the orcs appearing in the works of J. The orc was one of the earliest creatures introduced in the D&D game.
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Sometimes unfairly described as 'The poor man's Spitfire', the Chipmunk surely now has to be regarded as a historic aircraft in its own right and one which continues to underline the effectiveness of its design. With such an impressive military pedigree as this, it is also interesting to note that the Chipmunk has gone on to become one of the most popular aircraft types on the civilian aviation scheme and it is estimated that well over 300 aircraft are still in airworthy condition worldwide. These two Chipmunks have ensured that the aircraft must now be regarded as one of the longest serving types in Royal Air Force History. In other situations, the aircraft can be used to deliver replacement aircrew or spare parts, whilst the Flight's Spitfires and Hurricanes are out on display duties during the Airshow season. The Battle of Britain Memorial Flight still operate two Chipmunks regularly, providing currency training for aircrew assigned to fly the unit's historic 'taildraggers' and also to allow crews to reconnoitre new display venues in advance of their show appearance. In RAF service, the British built machines were known as the de Havilland Chipmunk Mk.10 and they would go on to provide basic flight training support many thousands of future military aviators, in addition to providing air experience opportunities for many more as part of the University Air Squadron organisation.ĭespite being a Canadian design, the Chipmunk has become one of the most recognisable Royal Air Force aircraft of the post war era and has enjoyed a military career which began in the early 1950s and continues to this day. The vast majority of the 1,283 de Havilland Chipmunks built would be manufactured under licence in the UK, in factories at Hatfield and Chester, with around 735 of these going on to see service with the Royal Air Force, again as the direct replacement for the venerable old Tiger Moth. A tandem two seat monoplane, the new trainer incorporated many advances over its predecessor, but shared many of its design philosophies, in that it was intended to be both simple to maintain and relatively forgiving to fly - these aircraft needed to be in the air, earning their keep.Having the distinction of being the first aircraft type designed and built by de Havilland Canada, the first Chipmunk took to the skies in May 1946 and almost immediately gained interest from the military.īy April 1948, the Royal Canadian Air Force had taken delivery of their first Chipmunk, but they were not the only ones admiring the qualities of this extremely capable aeroplane. In order to keep pace with wartime aircraft production and to allow increasing numbers of Canadian airmen to be trained, de Havilland established an overseas subsidiary in Canada, the de Havilland Aircraft Company of Canada.įollowing the end of WWII, the company began design work on a new aircraft, one intended as a replacement for the ageing Tiger Moths still in RCAF service. With the de Havilland designed Tiger Moth biplane proving to be such an important pilot training aircraft during the Second World War, it is no wonder that the same company would have a say in producing its replacement, when both the RCAF and Royal Air Force were looking to upgrade their primary pilot training capabilities. |